Short-term forecasting of load and renewable energy using artifical neural network

Load forecasting is a technique used for the prediction of electrical load demands in battery management. In general, the aggregated level used for short-term electrical load forecasting (STLF) consists of either numerical or non-numerical information collected from multiple sources, which helps in obtaining accurate data and efficient forecasting. However, the aggregated level cannot precisely forecast the validation and testing phases of numerical data, including the real-time measurements of irradiance level (W/m2) and photovoltaic output power (W). Forecasting is also a challenge due to the fluctuations caused by the random usage of appliances in the existing weekly, diurnal, and annual cycle load data. In this study, we have overcome this challenge by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods such as Bayesian Regularisation (BR) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms. The STLF achieved by ANN-based methods can improve the forecast accuracy. The overall performance of the BR and LM algorithms were analyzed during the development phases of the ANN. The input layer, hidden layer and output layer used to train and test the ANN together predict the 24-hour electricity demand. The results show that utilizing the LM and BR algorithms delivers a highly efficient architecture for renewable power estimation demand. © 2021 Seventh Sense Research Group

Privacy protection and energy optimization for 5G-aided industrial internet of things

The 5G is expected to revolutionize every sector of life by providing interconnectivity of everything everywhere at high speed. However, massively interconnected devices and fast data transmission will bring the challenge of privacy as well as energy deficiency. In today's fast-paced economy, almost every sector of the economy is dependent on energy resources. On the other hand, the energy sector is mainly dependent on fossil fuels and is constituting about 80% of energy globally. This massive extraction and combustion of fossil fuels lead to a lot of adverse impacts on health, environment, and economy. The newly emerging 5G technology has changed the existing phenomenon of life by connecting everything everywhere using IoT devices. 5G enabled IIoT devices has transformed everything from traditional to smart, e.g. smart city, smart healthcare, smart industry, smart manufacturing etc. However, massive I/O technologies for providing D2D connection has also created the issue of privacy that need to be addressed. Privacy is the fundamental right of every individual. 5G industries and organizations need to preserve it for their stability and competency. Therefore, privacy at all three levels (data, identity and location) need to be maintained. Further, energy optimization is a big challenge that needs to be addressed for leveraging the potential benefits of 5G and 5G aided IIoT. Billions of IIoT devices that are expected to communicate using the 5G network will consume a considerable amount of energy while energy resources are limited. Therefore, energy optimization is a future challenge faced by 5G industries that need to be addressed. To fill these gaps, we have provided a comprehensive framework that will help energy researchers and practitioners in better understanding of 5G aided industry 4.0 infrastructure and energy resource optimization by improving privacy. The proposed framework is evaluated using case studies and mathematical modelling. © 2020 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved

A low-complexity equalizer for video broadcasting in cyber-physical social systems through handheld mobile devices

In Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) devices for cyber-physical social systems, the Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform-Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (DFrFT-OCDM) has been suggested to enhance the performance over Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems under time and frequency-selective fading channels. In this case, the need for equalizers like the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Zero-Forcing (ZF) arises, though it is excessively complex due to the need for a matrix inversion, especially for DVB-H extensive symbol lengths. In this work, a low complexity equalizer, Least-Squares Minimal Residual (LSMR) algorithm, is used to solve the matrix inversion iteratively. The paper proposes the LSMR algorithm for linear and nonlinear equalizers with the simulation results, which indicate that the proposed equalizer has significant performance and reduced complexity over the classical MMSE equalizer and other low complexity equalizers, in time and frequency-selective fading channels. © 2013 IEEE